The most dominant building complex in the city of Skopje, located on the left bank of the Vardar river, is the fortification “Kale”. The first settlements in side the fortress are dated from the 7th to 6th millennium before Christ. The present remnants are dated from the 10th to the 14th century. During the 13th and 14th centuries many building activities have been maintained. The civilians resided in the lower part of the fortified town and the upper section was used for military needs. The stone blocks that were used for the construction of the walls of the fortification were taken from the remnants of the city of Skupi. The oldest preserved walls, 9 meters high, and the remnants of towers, are dated from the time of the tsar Samuil (10th century).